SMALL VS. LARGE FARMS IN ROMANIA: ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

The study explores the relationship between farm size, economic performance and sustainable rural development in Romania. It investigates how the coexistence of many small family farms and a limited number of large commercial holdings shapes the efficiency and competitiveness of the agricultural sector. Based on official statistical data and a comparative analysis, the research identifies persistent structural disparities that influence productivity, income distribution and access to development opportunities. The paper also examines the effects of current agricultural policies, including the new Common Agricultural Policy, on farm viability and rural cohesion. The findings highlight that policy support remains uneven, favouring larger beneficiaries, while small farms continue to play a key social role but face constraints in modernization and market integration. The study concludes that promoting balanced rural development requires differentiated policy measures, stronger cooperation between farms, and enhanced managerial and digital capacities to ensure long-term sustainability.